What is neurodiversity?

'Neurodiversity' refers to the natural diversity in human brains. Neurodivergence is the term for when someone's brain processes, learns, and/or behaves differently from what is considered neurotypical.

There are two types of neurodiversity. Innate neurodiversity is if a person is born with it. Acquired neurodiversity is if a person’s injury causes neurodivergent conditions.

Some identified neurodivergent conditions include:

  • Dyslexia

  • Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder, or DCD)

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),

  • Developmental speech disorders

  • Dysgraphia

  • Dyscalculia

  • Dysnomia

  • Intellectual disability

  • Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

  • Tourette syndrome

  • Schizophrenia

  • Bipolar disorder

  • Schizoaffective disorder

  • Antisocial personality disorder

  • Oppositional defiance disorder (ODD)

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

This research provides recommendations that may help reduce potential triggers. However, it is important to recognise that what works for one individual may not be effective for another, even if they share a similar condition. It is vital to recognise that no two neurodiverse individuals are exactly alike. This variability is due to the wide range of severity within each condition, and the fact that individuals often experience multiple conditions to varying degrees—some of which may still be undiagnosed. For instance, a child with autism may also be concurrently diagnosed with ADHD and an eating disorder.

To better understand neurodiversity, it is essential to become familiar with the various conditions they encompass. This research merely scratches the surface, as each condition is a specialised field of study in its own right. Gaining knowledge about these conditions leads to a deeper understanding and greater tolerance of the characteristics, behaviours, triggers, and needs of neurodiverse individuals.

The key to a successful outcome for this research lies in making a genuine effort to understand and engage with a diverse range of neurodiverse individuals, in order to gain deeper insight into their unique needs. Additionally, collaborating closely with parents, families, and guardians is essential to achieving the best possible outcomes for neurodiverse people, their families, teachers, medical staff, specialists, and the wider community.